National audienceSince the emergence of the “Third Way” in the United Kingdom, with the accession of Tony Blair to the Labour leadership in 1994, the French Socialists will position itself highly ambivalent towards this foreign referent. This article aims to show that these ambivalences are not specific to their relationship to the New Labour, but they are the revealing of ambiguities in the heart of socialist doctrine. And if the socialist texts seem heterogeneous, empty or schizophrenics, it is not a sign of theorical incapability, but rather the effect of the structural constraints in the political field.Dès l'émergence de la « troisième voie » au Royaume-Uni, avec l'accession de Tony Blair à la direction du Parti travailliste en 1994, l...